香连胃漂浮片的制备及体外释放研究

目的制备香连胃漂浮片并考察其体外释放性能。方法以羟丙基甲基纤维素K4M(hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M,HPMC-K4M)、十六醇、碳酸氢钠(NaHCO3)、乳糖、聚维酮K30(povidone K30,PVP-K30)、硬脂酸镁为辅料,采用粉末压片法制备香连胃漂浮片;以盐酸小檗碱的累积释放度为指标考察制剂的体外释药性能;采用正交试验对HPMC-K4M、十六醇、NaHCO3用量进行优选。通过数据拟合方程探讨制剂中盐酸小檗碱、木香烃内酯的释药机制。结果最优处方为香连复方提取物60.0 g、HPMC-K4M30.0 g、十六醇8.0 g、NaHCO38.0 g、乳糖8.0 g、PVP-K304.8 g、硬脂酸镁1.2 g(200片量)。指标成分盐酸小檗碱和木香烃内酯的体外释药特性均符合Riger Peppas模型,为扩散与骨架溶蚀协同作用。结论成功制得香连胃漂浮片,漂浮滞后时间短,持续漂浮时间长,且具有缓释特性。     

ICU气管插管患者自主呼吸试验通过后拔管失败原因分析

目的:分析ICU气管插管患者通过自主呼吸试验后拔管失败的原因,总结经验以减少I CU气管插管拔管后48h内再插管率。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年12月,我院ICU收治的气管插管通过自主呼吸试验(SBT)后仍拔管失败的16例患者的临床资料。结果:吞咽功能障碍6例,精神因素3例,运动神经元病3例,声门水肿2例,格林巴利综合征1例,会厌畸形1例。结论:自主呼吸试验指导撤机存在局限性,了解撤机过程中各种失败的原因,并进行针对性预处理,可降低ICU气管插管拔管后48h内再插管率。     

热咳散治疗痰热内蕴型哮喘患儿的临床研究

目的:探讨痰热内蕴型哮喘婴幼儿西医常规治疗基础上使用自拟热咳散治疗的临床疗效，为其临床应用提供理论依据。方法:选取2017年3月至2018年9月中山市中医院收治的痰热内蕴型哮喘婴幼儿112例作为研究对象，根据治疗方式的不同分为对照组与观察组，每组56例。对照组采用常规治疗，观察组在对照组基础上加用自配热咳散，比较2组患儿肺功能指标（FEF25%、FEF50%、IgE）；血清生化指标（IL-6、TNF-α、CRP、Cal-3）和C-ACT和MARS-A评分的差异。结果:对照组FEF25%、FEF50%显著低于观察组，对照组IgE含量显著高于观察组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组患儿治疗有效率和治疗效果构成差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后观察组IL-6、TNF-α、CRP、Cal-3含量低于对照组，观察组C-ACT评分、MARS-A评分高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:相比于西医常规治疗的治疗手段，在其基础上连用自拟热咳散的治疗效果更佳，患者症状改善时间也相对较短。     

The second round of the Dutch colorectal cancer screening program: Impact of an increased fecal immunochemical test cut-off level on yield of screening

The Dutch colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program started in 2014, inviting the target population biennially to perform a fecal immunochemical test (FIT). We obtained prospectively collected data from the national screening information-system to present the results of the second round (2016) and evaluate the impact of increasing the FIT cut-off halfway through the first round from 15 to 47 μg Hb/g feces on outcomes in the second round. Second round screening was done with a 47 μg Hb/g feces FIT cut-off. Participants were classified based on first round participation status as either FIT (15,47) or FIT (47,47) participants, and previous nonparticipants. In total, 348,891 (75.9%) out of 459,740 invitees participated in the second round. Participation rates were 93.4% among previous participants and 21.0% among previous non-participants. FIT(47,47) participants had a significantly higher detection rate of AN (15.3 vs. 10.4 per 1,000 participants) compared to FIT(15,47) participants in the second round, while their cumulative detection rate of AN over two rounds was significantly lower (45.6 vs. 52.6 per 1,000 participants). Our results showed that participation in the Dutch CRC screening program was consistently high and that second round detection rates depended on the first round FIT cut-off. The cumulative detection over two rounds was higher among FIT(15,47) participants. These findings suggest that a substantial part of, but not all the missed findings in the first round due to the increased FIT cut-off were detected in the subsequent round.     

正交试验优选益母阿胶膏的最佳工艺研究

目的优选益母阿胶膏生产的最佳提取工艺。方法以出膏率为指标,采用正交试验考察A加水量(倍)、B提取时间(h)、C提取次数(次)三个因素的影响,确定益母阿胶膏的最佳提取工艺。结果提取因素按影响大小依次是C提取次数>B提取时间>A加水量,最佳提取条件为:加12倍量水,提取1.5 h,提取2次。结论该制备工艺合理可行,可作为益母阿胶膏的最佳提取工艺。